Study explains why firefighters may face a higher brain cancer risk

IANS March 10, 2025 349 views

A groundbreaking Yale University study has uncovered why firefighters may be more susceptible to developing brain cancer, specifically gliomas. The research suggests that prolonged exposure to haloalkane chemicals increases the likelihood of genetic mutations associated with malignant brain tumors. Firefighters with extended service years showed a higher probability of these mutations compared to other professionals. The study highlights the importance of understanding occupational health risks and potential preventative strategies for dangerous chemical exposures.

"Identifying exposure to such mutational agents is important to inform public health intervention strategies" - Dr. Elizabeth B. Claus
Study explains why firefighters may face a higher brain cancer risk
New Delhi, March 10: Firefighters with increased exposure to certain chemical compounds are more likely to develop gliomas -- the most common type of malignant brain tumour -- than individuals with other occupations, according to a study on Monday.

Key Points

1

Yale researchers discover chemical mutation link in firefighter brain tumors

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Haloalkane exposure increases glioma risk significantly

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Study provides preliminary insights into occupational cancer hazards

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Glioma affects motor and cognitive brain functions

The study, published in the peer-reviewed journal CANCER, suggests a greater likelihood of haloalkane-associated mutations in firefighters with gliomas than in other patients with this type of brain cancer.

The gene mutations make up a mutational pattern or “signature” that other investigators previously associated with exposure to haloalkanes -- used in flame retardants, fire extinguishants, refrigerants, and other products.

“As firefighters have exposure to such chemical agents, we examined mutational signatures in glioma brain tumours diagnosed in persons who worked as firefighters versus those who did not,” said Elizabeth B. Claus, Professor at the Yale University School of Public Health.

The study followed 35 participants, of which 17 had an occupational history of firefighting. Compared with the other 18 participants, firefighters were more likely to have the haloalkane-associated mutational signature, especially if they had been firefighters for many years, the study showed.

Among non-firefighters, the mutational signature was more likely in those with occupations that also possibly exposed them to haloalkanes, such as car painting and machine maintenance.

“Our study provides preliminary data but will need confirmation in a larger data set and across a wider range of occupations,” said Dr. Claus.

“Identifying exposure to such mutational agents is important to inform public health intervention strategies and pinpoint occupational hazards that may be avoidable,” the researcher added.

Glioma is the most common malignant primary brain tumour and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The malignant brain tumour develops in the glial cells that surround neurons, affecting motor and neurological abilities and functions.

It also impacts cognitive functions and may also affect the personality of the patient. People of all ages, including children, adolescents, and young adults are at risk of gliomas.

Notably, it represents about 20 per cent of all brain and central nervous system (CNS) tumours and is considered rare cancer because it affects less than 6 out of 100,000 persons every year.

Tags:
Brain Cancer Firefighters Occupational Health Yale University Glioma Chemical Exposure
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